How Mortgage Rates Are Determined and What Affects Them

Mortgage interest rates play an important role in determining the overall cost of homeownership. Now you might be wondering how mortgage rates are determined. Your mortgage rates are determined by many factors. Some factors are within your control and some are not.

All of these factors play a key part in determining how much you will pay. Now let’s take a look at some of the factors that affect your mortgage rate.

 

Factors Affecting Mortgage Rates

Mortgage rates in Canada are influenced by many key factors. This includes economic conditions, mortgage types, credit history, and so on. Here is a breakdown of how the rates are determined:

Bank of Canada’s Policy Interest Rate

The Bank of Canada (BoC) sets the key mortgage interest rate. They do so to determine how much it costs banks to borrow money. Lenders usually increase the rates following the BoC’s rate hike. Although this makes borrowing more expensive. However, mortgage rates decrease as the BoC’s rate reduces. In addition, the economy’s health and inflation all influence how the BoC adjusts the interest rates.

Government Bond Yields

The bond yields have a strong connection with fixed mortgage rates. On one hand, fixed mortgage rates rise when bond yields go up. On the other hand, fixed mortgage rates decline along with bond yields. Usually, lenders use bond yields to calculate mortgage rates, as bonds are a safe and lasting investment. Moreover, economic growth and investor confidence affect bond yields.

Credit History

Lenders look at a borrower’s credit history and score before offering a mortgage. Typically, a high score (above 700) qualifies for lower interest rates. On the other hand, a bad credit score may lead to higher interest rates. A good credit score demonstrates reliable debt payment. This positive history gives lenders more confidence to provide lower rates. So, paying bills on time and reducing debt can increase your credit score.

 

Mortgage Type

There are fixed-rate and variable-rate mortgages available. A fixed-rate mortgage offers stability since the interest rate stays constant. However, variable-rate mortgage payments may rise or decline with market interest rates. Variable rates are safer than fixed rates for long-term budgeting. Additionally, variable rates may be lower initially but offer risks if rates increase.

Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratio

The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio compares the loan amount to the home’s price.  A lower LTV (meaning a higher down payment) leads to better mortgage rates. The borrower has to pay for mortgage default insurance if the down payment is less than 20%. This insurance protects the lender but increases costs. However, a larger down payment enhances loan conditions and lowers lender risk.

Economic Growth

When the economy is strong, people earn more money, spend more, and take more loans. As a result, this higher demand for loans can push mortgage rates up. In a weak economy, the bank may cut interest rates to promote borrowing. Employment rates, wages, and business growth all affect economic conditions.

Inflation

Inflation measures how much prices increase over time. The Bank of Canada raises interest rates to limit spending when inflation is strong. As a result, mortgage rates increase, increasing the cost of borrowing. When inflation is low, the BoC may lower rates to boost the economy. Since mortgage rates follow these trends, inflation plays a significant role in the cost of house loans.

 

Are Mortgage Rates The Same for All Lenders

Mortgage rates are not the same for all lenders. Banks, credit unions, and private lenders each set their rates based on factors. Some lenders offer lower rates to attract more customers, while others may provide flexible terms instead. This means borrowers can find different rates depending on where they look.

Your financial situation also affects the mortgage rate you get. Lenders consider factors like credit score, income, debt, and down payment amount. Some lenders may offer special promotions or discounts. Even a small difference in interest rates can save thousands of dollars over time. So, it’s important to compare options before making a decision.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)